Suchergebnisse

Introducción: Una de las funciones de los medios de comunicación masiva es movilizar la sociedad y la agenda política en torno a problemáticas públicas como por ejemplo la obesidad. Objetivo: Describir el abordaje dado al tema obesidad en dos periódicos colombianos durante los años 2008-2013. Materiales y metodos: Estudio transversal, se seleccionaron 163 noticias, 48 del periódico El Espectador y 115 de El Colombiano. Se realizó análisis deductivo, posteriormente el análisis descriptivo mediante pruebas X2 para establecer la relación entre las variables. α=0,05. SPSS v.18. Resultados: Se evidenció un aumento gradual de las noticias relacionadas con la obesidad en el periodo estudiado. Las fuentes de información más consultadas para construir las noticias fueron científicas-académicas (42,3%). Se encontró asociación entre los artículos que tratan la magnitud de la obesidad, sus estrategias para afrontarla y cuando se empleó como fuente a los políticos (p<0.05). En la población infantil, los temas publicidad (16,4%) y comidas rápidas (26,9%) tuvieron una mayor cobertura (p<0.05). Conclusión: La cobertura del tema obesidad creció en Colombia, al mismo tiempo que se empezaron a implementar estrategias para su prevención y control. Esta situación puede favorecer la movilización pública y política frente a nuevas estrategias que propendan por la solución de esta problemática.AbstractIntroduction: One of the functions of the mass media is to mobilize society and the political agenda around public issues such as obesity. Objective: To describe the approach given to obesity in two Colombian newspapers during the years 2008-2013. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted were 163 news were selected from two newspapers; 48 from El Espectador newspaper and 115 from El Colombiano. First a deductive analysis of the news was performed and then a descriptive analysis using X2 tests to establish the relationship between the variables. α<0.05. SPSS v.18. Results: An increase in obesity-related news was found. The sources of information most frequently consulted to build the news were scientific-academic ones (42.3%). It was found an association between the articles dealing with the magnitude of the obesity, the strategies to confront it and when it was used a politician source (p <0.05). In the pediatric population, issues related with advertising (16.4%) and fast food (26.9%) had greater coverage (p <0.05). Conclusion: The mass media news related with obesity increased in Colombia, at the same time the implementation of strategies for prevention and control of this disease started. This situation can foster public and political mobilization that promote new strategies that contribute to the solution of the obesity problem. ; Introduction: One of the functions of the mass media is to mobilize society and the political agenda around public issues such as obesity. Objective: To describe the approach given to obesity in two Colombian newspapers during the years 2008-2013. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted were 163 news were selected from two newspapers; 48 from El Espectador newspaper and 115 from El Colombiano. First a deductive analysis of the news was performed and then a descriptive analysis using X2 tests to establish the relationship between the variables.α<0.05. SPSS v.18. Results: An increase in obesity-related news was found. The sources of information most frequently consulted to build the news were scientific-academic ones (42.3%). It was found an association between the articles dealing with the magnitude of the obesity, the strategies to confront it and when it was used a politician source (p <0.05). In the pediatric population, issues related with advertising (16.4%) and fast food (26.9%) had greater coverage (p <0.05). Conclusion: The mass media news related with obesity increased in Colombia, at the same timethe implementation of strategies for prevention and control of this disease started. This situation can foster public and political mobilization that promote new strategies that contribute to the solution of the obesity problem.

ABSTRACT: One of the functions of the mass media is to mobilize society and the political agenda around public issues such as obesity. Objective: To describe the approach given to obesity in two Colombian newspapers during the years 2008-2013. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted were 163 news were selected from two newspapers; 48 from El Espectador newspaper and 115 from El Colombiano. First a deductive analysis of the news was performed and then a descriptive analysis using X2 tests to establish the relationship between the variables. α<0.05. SPSS v.18. Results: An increase in obesity-related news was found. The sources of information most frequently consulted to build the news were scientific-academic ones (42.3%). It was found an association between the articles dealing with the magnitude of the obesity, the strategies to confront it and when it was used a politician source (p <0.05). In the pediatric population, issues related with advertising (16.4%) and fast food (26.9%) had greater coverage (p <0.05). Conclusion: The mass media news related with obesity increased in Colombia, at the same time the implementation of strategies for prevention and control of this disease started. This situation can foster public and political mobilization that promote new strategies that contribute to the solution of the obesity problem. ; RESUMEN: Una de las funciones de los medios de comunicación masiva es movilizar la sociedad y la agenda política en torno a problemáticas públicas como por ejemplo la obesidad. Objetivo: Describir el abordaje dado al tema obesidad en dos periódicos colombianos durante los años 2008-2013. Materiales y metodos: Estudio transversal, se seleccionaron 163 noticias, 48 del periódico El Espectador y 115 de El Colombiano. Se realizó análisis deductivo, posteriormente el análisis descriptivo mediante pruebas X2 para establecer la relación entre las variables. α=0,05. SPSS v.18. Resultados: Se evidenció un aumento gradual de las noticias relacionadas con la obesidad en el periodo estudiado. Las fuentes de información más consultadas para construir las noticias fueron científicas-académicas (42,3%). Se encontró asociación entre los artículos que tratan la magnitud de la obesidad, sus estrategias para afrontarla y cuando se empleó como fuente a los políticos (p<0.05). En la población infantil, los temas publicidad (16,4%) y comidas rápidas (26,9%) tuvieron una mayor cobertura (p<0.05). Conclusión: La cobertura del tema obesidad creció en Colombia, al mismo tiempo que se empezaron a implementar estrategias para su prevención y control. Esta situación puede favorecer la movilización pública y política frente a nuevas estrategias que propendan por la solución de esta problemática.

ABSTRACT: While dietary patterns (DPs) enable the combination of foods that make up a person's habitual diet to be known, little is known about the DPs of health sector professionals. The objective of this study was to describe the DPs of healthcare students and professionals and assess their association with sociodemographic, lifestyle, anthropometric and biochemical characteristics. Methods: Cross-sectional design. A sample (n = 319) of healthcare students and professionals in apparent good health who studied or worked at the University of Guadalajara (Mexico) was selected. A semiquantitative food intake frequency questionnaire validated on a Mexican population was administered. Questions covering sociodemographic factors, smoking habits and physical activity were asked. Weight, height, waist circumference, blood pressure, triglycerides, glucose, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and total cholesterol were also measured. DPs were generated from a principal components analysis of 25 food groups, and associations were analyzed using logistic regression adjusted for age and sex. Results: The majority of participants were younger than 29 years (84%), women (71.2%) and students (59.6%). Three DPs were identified: "Traditional Westernized", "Healthy" and "Animal protein and alcoholic beverages". After adjustment, the "Traditional Westernized" DP was positively associated with being younger than 22 years (OR: 2.15; 95%CI: 1.1–4.1); the "Healthy" DP was positively associated with having a daily energy expenditure from physical activity greater than 605 kcal (OR: 4.19; 95%CI: 2.3–7.5), and it was negatively associated with being younger than 22 years (OR: 0.48; 95%CI: 0.2–0.9); and the "Animal protein and alcoholic beverages" DP was positively associated with being male (OR: 3.07; 95%CI: 1.8–5.1) and a smoker (OR: 2.77; 95%CI: 1.2–6.3). No association was found between DPs and anthropometric and biochemical characteristics. Conclusions: Among the participants evaluated, healthy DP was associated with being physically active while unhealthy DPs were associated with being younger than 22 years, male and a smoker. These data suggest that being knowledgeable about health does not ensure that individuals will engage in healthy behaviors. As is the case among the general population, training and individual efforts aimed at achieving healthy behaviors must be reinforced by initiatives undertaken by social groups, social institutions, the community at large as well as political and business leaders.

Los grupos de interés son actores clave en las decisiones de política pública. Este artículo analiza el proceso decisorio de la propuesta de impuesto al consumo de bebidas azucaradas en Colombia y el papel de grupos de interés en ese proceso. Con este objetivo, el presente estudio usa el análisis stakeholder, para el cual se recolectó información sobre el proceso decisorio y el papel de los grupos de interés a partir de revisión documental y entrevistas estructuradas; además, se determinó el grado de relaciones, incidencia y poder de los grupos de interés entrevistados. Los hallazgos muestran la influencia y el poder de la industria de bebidas para bloquear procesos de agenda pública que van en contra de sus intereses; para lo cual usan diferentes instrumentos, como la capacidad organizativa y de persuasión, su poder económico, entre otros. En conclusión, la toma de decisiones se da en función de la movilización de los distintos intereses sectoriales. Este caso refleja la necesidad del fortalecimiento del sistema democrático, con mayor incidencia de la sociedad civil

Stakeholders are key actors in public policy decisions. This article analyzes the decision-making process of the proposed consumption tax on sweetened beverages in Colombia and the role of stakeholders in that process. To this purpose, this study uses stakeholder analysis, for which information on the decision-making process and the role of stakeholders was collected from document review and structured interviews; in addition, the level of relationships, incidence, and power of the interviewed stakeholders was determined. The findings show the influence and power of the beverage industry to block public agenda processes that go against their interests; for which they use different instruments, such as organizational and persuasive capacity, their economic power, among others. In conclusion, decision making is a function of the mobilization of different sectoral interests. This case reflects the need to strengthen the democratic system, with greater influence from civil society. ; Los grupos de interés son actores clave en las decisiones de política pública. Este artículo analiza el proceso decisorio de la propuesta de impuesto al consumo de bebidas azucaradas en Colombia y el papel de grupos de interés en ese proceso. Con este objetivo, el presente estudio usa el análisis stakeholder, para el cual se recolectó información sobre el proceso decisorio y el papel de los grupos de interés a partir de revisión documental y entrevistas estructuradas; además, se determinó el grado de relaciones, incidencia y poder de los grupos de interés entrevistados. Los hallazgos muestran la influencia y el poder de la industria de bebidas para bloquear procesos de agenda pública que van en contra de sus intereses; para lo cual usan diferentes instrumentos, como la capacidad organizativa y de persuasión, su poder económico, entre otros. En conclusión, la toma de decisiones se da en función de la movilización de los distintos intereses sectoriales. Este caso refleja la necesidad del fortalecimiento del sistema democrático, con mayor incidencia de la sociedad civil ; Les groupes d'intérêt sont des acteurs clés dans les décisions concernant les politiques publiques. Cet article analyse le processus décisionnel du projet de loi qui prévoit une taxe à la consommation sur les boissons sucrées en Colombie, ainsi que le rôle joué par les groupes d'intérêt. Cette étude utilise une analyse des parties prenantes, dont les informations sur le processus décisionnel et le rôle des groupes d'intérêt ont été collectées d'après une revue documentaire et d'entretiens structurés. De plus, le degré de relations, l'incidence et le pouvoir des groupes d'intérêt interrogés ont été ainsi déterminés. Les résultats montrent l'influence et le pouvoir de l'industrie des boissons pour bloquer les processus d'agenda public qui vont à l'encontre de l'intérêt général. Cette industrie utilise différents instruments tels que la capacité organisationnelle, la persuasion et le pouvoir économique parmi d'autres. En conclusion, la prise de décision se fait sur la base de la mobilisation des différents intérêts sectoriels. Ce cas d'étude reflète le besoin de renforcer le système démocratique, avec une plus grande participation de la société civile

Se analizaron las prevalencias de exceso de peso, según índice de masa corporal (IMC), en adultos y su asociación con algunas variables demográficas, socioeconómicas e índice de democracia. Se realizó un diseño ecológico que consideró un total de 105 países, con datos de IMC de 2000 a 2006. Las demás variables se obtuvieron en correspondencia con el año del dato de estado nutricional, o su referente más cercano. Se utilizaron los puntos de corte de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) para IMC. Se calcularon correlaciones de Spearman y modelos de regresión múltiple. El sobrepeso y la obesidad se correlacionaron en ambos sexos con la disponibilidad energética y con el Índice de Desarrollo Humano (IDH) y sus variables constitutivas. En cuanto a las variables relacionadas con democracia, la correlación fue inversa y más fuerte con el nivel ponderal de los hombres. En conclusión, indicadores de condiciones de vida más favorables en los países se asociaron de forma directa con mayores prevalencias de exceso de peso poblacional, con comportamientos diferentes en función del género. ; This study analyzed prevalence rates for excess weight in adults based on body mass index (BMI) and the association with various demographic, socioeconomic, and political variables (democracy index). An ecological design was used, including a total of 105 countries, with BMI data from 2000 to 2006. Other variables were obtained by proximity to the year of nutritional status. The study used the World Health Organization (WHO) classification for BMI. Spearman correlation coefficients and multiple logistic regression models were used. In both genders, overweight and obesity were correlated with calorie availability and the human development index (HDI) and its component variables. As for the variables related to democracy, there was an inverse correlation with weight, stronger in men than women. In conclusion, better living conditions in countries were directly associated with higher rates of excess weight in the population, with different patterns according to gender.

Objetivo: Analizar si el hambre durante la Guerra Civil española y la inmediata posguerra influyó sobre la mortalidad por cardiopatía isquémica de las personas que nacieron en este período, según lo planteado en la hipótesis de Barker acerca de la posible programación fetal de enfermedades de la edad adulta. Métodos: Con los datos de mortalidad por edad y sexo por cardiopatía isquémica en el período 1990-2002, se calcularon las tasas anuales de mortalidad específicas y las tasas ajustadas por edad, por el método directo. Mediante análisis de regresión de Poisson se analizó el efecto de la edad, el período y la cohorte anual de nacimiento (1918-1957). Resultados: Durante el período de estudio, la mortalidad por cardiopatía isquémica ha disminuido un promedio anual de –2,3% en ambos sexos y para todas las edades. En el descenso de mortalidad están presentes los efectos cohorte y período (p < 0,001); se observa un incremento del riesgo para todas las edades y ambos sexos en las muertes correspondientes a personas nacidas durante los años reconocidos como de mayor escasez alimentaria de la Guerra Civil y la inmediata posguerra (1937, 1940, 1943 y 1945). Conclusiones: Los resultados obtenidos al estudiar anualmente la mortalidad por cardiopatía isquémica son compatibles con la hipótesis de Barker sobre el efecto del estrés alimentario durante el embarazo en la génesis de diversas enfermedades en el adulto. La Guerra Civil española, además de costes humanos, económicos y políticos, puede haber tenido consecuencias negativas para la salud de los nacidos en esas cohortes. ; Objective: To determine whether the famine experienced during the Spanish civil war and immediate postwar period influenced mortality from coronary heart disease (CHD) in persons born in this period, following the lines of Barker's hypothesis on fetal programming of chronic diseases in adult life. Methods: Using CHD mortality data by age and sex for 1990- 2002, annual and age-adjusted rates were calculated by the direct method. Poisson regressions were used to estimate period, age and cohort effects by year of birth (1918-1957). Results: During the study period, CHD mortality fell by a yearly average of –2.3% in both sexes and in all ages yearly. This trend was influenced by both cohort and period effects (p < 0.001); an increased risk was observed for both sexes and in all ages in the deaths corresponding to persons born during the war and postwar years when the famine was most intense (1937, 1940, 1943 and 1945). Conclusions: The results obtained by studying yearly CHD mortality are compatible with those expected by Barker's hypothesis of the effect of nutritional stress during pregnancy. In addition to its human, economic and political costs, the Spanish civil war could also have had negative consequences for the health of persons born in this period.

Objective: To explore the opinions of stakeholders on the potential of taxes or subsidies, as measures for tackling obesity in Europe. Design: Structured interviews using Multi-criteria Mapping, a computer based decision support tool. Subjects/Setting: 189 interviewees, drawn from 21 different stakeholder categories in institutionally matched groups across nine members of the EU. Measurements: A four step approach was taken, i.e. selecting options, defining criteria, scoring options quantitatively and weighting the criteria to provide overall rankings of options. Interviews were recorded and transcribed to yield qualitative data. Results: Taxation and subsidies were not favourably received, because they were considered difficult to implement. However, representatives of large commercial retail chains and public health professionals were most in favour of taxation, whilst representatives of public sector catering and nutritional/obesity advisory experts gave the most positive ratings to subsidies, and the trade unions rated both options more favourably than other stakeholder groups. In contrast, both options received their lowest scores from representatives of the farming industry, town and transport planners, the food processing industry and the advertising industry. Public health professionals were the stakeholders most frequently gaving the highest scores (3/9 countries), both for taxation (Italy, Spain and France) and for subsidies (Spain, France and Poland). Finland produced the greatest number of interviewees rating both fiscal options favourably. Conclusions: A decision to apply economic measures such as taxes/subsidies in the EU represents one possibly viable course of action, as part of an integrated and coherent public policy aimed at combating obesity. ; Supported by New and Emerging Science and Technology (NEST) research programme, financed by the 6th Framework Programme for research and technological development of the European Commission (contract no.508913).

ABSTRACT: Restricting children's exposures to marketing of unhealthy foods and beverages is a global obesity prevention priority. Monitoring marketing exposures supports informed policymaking. This study presents a global overview of children's television advertising exposure to healthy and unhealthy products. Twenty‐two countries contributed data, captured between 2008 and 2017. Advertisements were coded for the nature of foods and beverages, using the 2015 World Health Organization (WHO) Europe Nutrient Profile Model (should be permitted/not‐permitted to be advertised). Peak viewing times were defined as the top five hour timeslots for children. On average,there were four times more advertisements for foods/beverages that should not be permitted than for permitted foods/beverages. The frequency of food/beverages advertisements that should not be permitted per hour was higher during peak viewing times compared with other times (P < 0.001). During peak viewing times, food and beverage advertisements that should not be permitted were higher in countries with industry self‐regulatory programmes for responsible advertising compared with countries with no policies. Globally, children are exposed to a large volume of television advertisements for unhealthy foods and beverages, despite the implementation of food industry programmes. Governments should enact regulation to protect children from television advertising of unhealthy products that undermine their health.